Methods: The present study was conducted at S. D. College, Barnala (Punjab), India (30.3654° N, 75.5372° E), which supports a diverse assemblage of tree species from April 2024 to September 2024 by the point count method. Species identification was performed with the help of field guides. The data of all observations in a month were pooled and relative abundance of birds in each month was calculated. Kruskal-wallis test was carried out to find if there was significant difference of bird diversity during different months.

Results: 30 species of birds distributed among 12 orders and 24 families have been recorded on 29 tree species from April to September, 2024 in the present study. The maximum species richness (22) was observed in the month of the April 2024 and July 2024. The order Passeriformes was the most dominant one out of total twelve orders of bird species observed. Relative abundance was found to be significantly different (p<0.05) in different months. Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) showed maximum average relative abundance of 14.77 followed by Rose-ringed Parakeet (Psittacula krameri) and House Crow (Corvus spendens) with values12.35 and 9.02 respectively in the present study.

Conclusion: The study found that campus of S.D. College provides suitable habitat for birds and also shows that conserving diverse tree cover is crucial for sustaining bird populations in different months of year.

Methods: A total of 31 quantitative morphological characters were selected, out of which 12 were reproductive, and 19 were vegetative. Sectional analyses and stereomicroscopic imaging were employed in the anatomical investigation. In addition, the essential oil of the entire plant of both species was analysed using gas chromatography‑mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to see secondary metabolites.

Results: Results showed that the trichomes were present on the stem and mericarp of Ligusticopsis wallichiana but were not observed in the stem of Selinum vaginatum. The transverse section of the mericarp revealed differences in the number of vitae, while the stem showed variations in the number and structures of vascular bundles in both the species. Four compounds were common to both species i.e. Z-β-Ocimene, 3,5-Nonadiyne, cis-β-Farnesene, and α-Bisabolol, while remaining compounds were unique to each species.

Conclusion: The morphological and anatomical analysis, along with phytochemical investigations of putative chemotaxonomic marker compounds, can serve as valuable tools to support plant identification and classification, helping to prevent adulteration. This study suggests that combining structural traits and phytochemical profiling could help delineate the taxonomically challenging Selinum genus.

Methods: About thirty-six (36) adult Wistar rats were used in the study. These rats were randomly divided into six (6) groups, viz the normal control, diabetic control, diabetic treated with leaf extract, diabetic treated with root extract, diabetic treated with both leaf and root extracts, and diabetic treated with metformin, the standard drug. 150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan monohydrate was intraperitoneally given to the rats to induce diabetes. The experimental rats were exposed to treatments orally for 21 days. The study adopted standard methods for the estimation of the biochemical and haematological parameters, including fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, liver enzyme activities. Faecal sampling and culture-based methods were used to estimate the gut microbiota composition.

Results: The results of the study show that both the extracts from the leaves and roots of M. oleifera lowered blood glucose levels and lipid profile status at p < 0.05 level of significance. Similarly, the haematological and antioxidant parameters were normalised compared with diabetic controls, with the leaf extract exhibiting moderately higher potency. The results of the gut microbiota analysis showed that both the leaf and root extracts of M. oleifera exerted the modulation of bacterial diversity, reduction of pathogenic taxa and enrichment of beneficial commensals, with the combined extract showing synergistic effects.

Conclusion: The findings revealed that the leaf and root extracts of M. oleifera exert potent blood-sugar lowering and microbiota-modulating effects, hence support their use as a complementary therapeutic agent for the management of diabetes mellitus.

Methods: Plates were prepared with SDA, RBA, and Mycosel culture media. For sample analysis, one gram of each sample was weighed in triplicate and spread onto each plate. The plates were incubated for 7 to 14 days at 25°C. The species were then transferred to tubes containing the same culture medium and incubated for 7 days at the same temperature. Species were identified by their microscopic and macroscopic characteristics. Colonies (CFU) were counted, and the average was obtained for each medium. For the microscopic sample, they were transferred to a slide containing lactophenol and observed under a microscope. Taxonomic keys were used.

Results: The average number of colonies in the sludge was 25 CFU in the dry sludge and 44 CFU in the liquid sludge. Six genus were identified in the taxonomic analysis: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Fusarium, Culvularia, and Rhizopus. Six fungal species were isolated from the liquid sludge: Rhizopus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus glaucus, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp., and Aspergillus terreus. Seven fungal species were isolated from the dry sludge: Aspergillus niger, Culvularia, Fusarium, Aspergillus flavus, Trichoderma, Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus terreus. The fungal genus with the most species identified was Aspergillus.

Conclusion: More colony and species growth were found in the liquid mud than in the dry mud. Most of the isolated fungi represent skin and respiratory diseases that can affect humans. Understanding these findings is critical to preventing potential illnesses in visitors to this site.

Methods: This study documented the ecological knowledge of threatened species of the Kadar community in Anamalai, Western Ghats. The knowledge associated with indigenous terminology on threatened species such as Purple Frog, Cochin Forest Cane Turtle, Hornbills etc are used here to demonstrate the depth of associated ecological knowledge. It involved ethnographic engagement to understand their perspectives and practices.

Results: The Kadar language holds vital ecological knowledge, including unique names for species within the Anamalai landscape unit of the Southern Western Ghats. Their lexicon reveals intricate understandings of biodiversity, exemplified by "Karibmudan" (endangered tree) known uniquely to Vazhachal clans, and specific terms for "Koottupambu," "Chirapool," "Thattukottan," "Vatti Ongal," and "Karimbudan” for them alone and “Chirattan" which is shared across other indigenous communities of the Southern Western Ghats are highlighting the interconnected ecological comprehension.

Conclusion: The Kadar ethnic community's knowledge exemplifies deep ecological insights that are useful for the present conservation paradigm. Preserving this linguistic heritage is crucial for safeguarding traditional ecological knowledge and integrating indigenous perspectives into conservation, enriching our understanding of biodiversity and ensuring local community involvement.

Method: Participants completed a 200 item dichotomous questionnaire that mapped FIKR facets to the six RIASEC dimensions. “High” scores were defined empirically as scores in the top quartile of the observed distribution for each dimension. Because scores are discrete, ties at the cut off can produce proportions greater than 25%. Descriptive statistics were computed, and exploratory chi square tests and correlations were planned to add interpretive depth.

Results: Using the empirical top quartile cut offs, 50 individuals (38.5%) met the social threshold, 45 (34.6%) met the Artistic threshold, 38 (29.2%) met the Enterprising threshold, and 55 (42.3%) met the Conventional threshold. These subsets indicate interpersonal strength, creative potential, leadership inclination, and preference for structure, respectively.

Conclusion: A percentile based classification yields transparent and reproducible identification of high scoring subgroups relevant to healthcare and social helping work. The approach can inform recruitment, role placement, and targeted training for patient facing, creative, administrative, and leadership functions.

Methods: The current study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of high, medium, and low molecular weight chitosan on L929 fibroblast and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. Different concentrations of low, medium, and high molecular weight chitosan were treated on both cell lines for 24 hours, followed by addition of MTT reagent. After 2 hrs incubation, the formazan crystals were dissolved in DMSO, and the optical density was measured to calculate cell viability.

Results: High molecular weight chitosan had the lowest cytotoxicity in L929 cells with an IC₅₀ of 496 ± 37.46^a µg/mL, while low molecular weight chitosan exhibited the highest cytotoxicity with an IC₅₀ of 345±9.03^c µg/mL. Interestingly, in the case of the MCF-7 cell line, the high molecular weight chitosan exerted a higher cytotoxic effect with an IC₅₀ value of 217 ± 5.72^d µg/mL, followed by 331 ± 13.55^c µg/mL of medium and 479 ± 14.75^a µg/mL of low molecular weight chitosan.

Conclusion: The current findings indicate that high molecular weight chitosan demonstrates greater compatibility compared to low and medium molecular weight chitosan in the L929 cell line. However, it also shows potential cytotoxic effects in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, suggesting its possible therapeutic application in drug delivery and cancer treatment.

Methods: SwissADME and ADMETlab 2.0 software tools were used to predict the drug-likeness of the compounds, and AutoDock Vina and UCSF Chimera were used for docking studies. The compound that showed best interaction with receptors (target proteins) was then experimentally validated through fasting blood glucose (FBG) assay.

Results: Findings of this study indicated that all the four phenolics were found to have good drug-like potential according to the rule-based filter models, with oral bioavailability scores of 55% better than acarbose (17%). However, of the four phenolics, only isorhamnetin was able to demonstrate good interactions with target receptors, indicating an outstanding inhibitory effect on aldose reductase (AR), dipeptidyl peptidase 4, and glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT). Experimental validation indicated that FBG levels of the diabetic control (untreated) group, acarbose- and isorhamnetin-treated groups were 421.00±9.10, 232.40±6.15, and 239.60±8.56 mg/dL, respectively, with a corresponding percentage decrease of 10.65±3.20, 52.07±1.78, and 50.13±2.60 respectively.

Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that furocoumarinic acid, liquiritin, isorhamnetin, and syringin from ethyl acetate fraction of A. conyzoides methanol leaf exhibited good drug-likeness potentials with 55% oral bioavailability. Out of which, only isorhamnetin was able to inhibit AR, DPP-4, and GFAT activities, and activate glucokinase through docking studies.

Methods: A thorough search of the SCOPUS database was performed using relevant keywords to identify relevant publications of the last 20 years. The bibliometrix package of R statistical programming language was used to generate compelling descriptive statistics, elaborate network visualizations, and other insightful scientometric metrics.

Results: The Journal of Nematology published a higher number of publications with 3212 citations. Aligarh Muslim University and Indian Agricultural Research Institute, India are the most productive institutions whereas, the National Natural Science Foundation of China funded the highest number of research projects. The quantitative analysis and statistics of SCOPUS data offer valuable insight into the research landscape, highlighting the most active nations, institutions, and authors, along with the most-cited articles and burgeoning research directions.

Conclusion: The study provided deep insight into the different research areas which may help to improve the understanding of research patterns and knowledge about M. incognita. Furthermore, the data generated here can be of potential value to researchers and policymakers interested in addressing the challenges associated with M. incognita infestations.

Methods: Triploidy was induced in fertilized eggs of Schizothorax richardsonii using hydrostatic pressure shocks of 5000, 6000, and 7000 psi, applied for either 3 or 5 minutes at 12 minutes post-fertilization. Ploidy status was verified through cytogenetic analysis. At 75 days post-hatching, vertebral deformities were assessed via morphological examination. Deformity rates were statistically compared across treatment groups and against untreated diploid controls.

Results: The treatment of 5000 psi for 5 minutes produced the highest triploidy induction rate. All triploid groups exhibited significantly higher vertebral deformity rates compared to diploid controls. The maximum recorded deformity rate was 3.5 ± 0.13% in the 7000 psi / 5 minute group, whereas diploid controls showed no deformities (0.0%). Our findings revealed that deformities increased with rising pressure intensity or prolonged exposure.

Conclusion: Triploidy induction in S. richardsonii has significant potential for enhancing aquaculture production, but it also increases the risk of skeletal deformities. These deformities can adversely affect fish survival, marketability, and production costs. To improve the commercial feasibility and ethical standards of triploid fish farming, further research should focus on optimizing induction parameters and investigating alternative methods to minimize deformities.

Methods: Thus, in this study, we explored the bioactive components of foxnut extract by employing ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) to comprehensively profile the components.

Results: Our results showed that over 3000 compounds were initially detected and annotated, of which around 40 were selected based on spectral database comparisons. Out of all, fifteen bioactive metabolites were prioritized and classified into five therapeutic categories: vitamins, cardio-renal and anti-diabetic agents, anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory compounds, neuroprotective agents, and reproductive health modulators. Notable compounds included thiamine, agmatine, betulin, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and testosterone undecanoate, all supported by literature evidence for their health-promoting roles.

Conclusion: These findings provide the detailed metabolite map of Euryale ferox and highlight its potential as a natural reservoir of pharmacologically relevant compounds for functional food and nutraceutical development.

Methods: Leaf extracts of R. cinerea were prepared using two solvents: methanol and ethyl acetate, and tested at varying concentrations (0.5–3.0%) against diamond back moth larvae. In parallel, the life cycle of P. xylostella was observed to complete within 20–25 days under controlled conditions.

Results: At 24 hours post-treatment, the lowest mortality (10.71%) was recorded with the 0.5% methanol extract, while the highest (39.28%) was observed with the 3.0% ethyl acetate extract. After 48 hours, the methanol extract at 0.5% and 1.5% concentrations both showed 17.85% mortality, whereas the 3.0% ethyl acetate extract achieved a significantly higher mortality of 50%. By 72 hours, mortality rates increased across treatments, with the 3.0% ethyl acetate extract showing the highest efficacy (72.41%), while the lowest was again seen with 0.5% methanol extract (39.28%).

Conclusion: The study demonstrates that R. cinerea exhibits promising larvicidal activity against P. xylostella, with ethyl acetate extracts proving more effective than methanol. These findings highlight the potential of R. cinerea as a sustainable botanical pesticide for managing diamondback moth populations, contributing to environmentally safe pest management strategies.

Methods: This study assessed 221 samples for Candida albicans using conventional methods like Gram staining, germ tube tests, and biochemical analysis. Molecular techniques, specifically PCR, were employed to detect the ERG2 gene and amplify internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences for accurate identification and antifungal resistance evaluation. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the agar dilution method against a panel of five drugs. The amplified ITS regions were also subjected to sequencing for further molecular characterization of the isolates.

Results: The maximum prevalence of Candida species was observed in the female patients (116 out of 129). The age group 21-30 showed a higher prevalence of Candida species also showed higher resistance to antifungal drugs. The maximum resistance observed was for Nystatin (83.7%) and Itraconazole (83.0%) for all the age groups. The ERG2 gene detection was limited to females' isolates, especially from the vaginal and endocervical swabs.

Conclusion: Our study thus supports the use of molecular techniques, particularly the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), as a key marker for identifying fungi.

Methods: The extraction process involved sequential steps: ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, gel filtration chromatography, and SDS-PAGE analysis. Enzyme activity was assessed under varying pH levels and temperatures and in the presence of selected metal ions. The molecular weights of the purified enzymes were determined using SDS-PAGE.

Results: Purification folds were 4.0, 2.5, and 1.6, with corresponding yields of 19.5%, 18.4%, and 19.2% for Watermelon, Whitemelon, and Blackmelon, respectively. Optimal pH values were 6.0 for White and Blackmelon and 7.5 for Watermelon. The temperature optima were recorded at 30°C (Watermelon), 40°C (Blackmelon), and 50°C (Whitemelon). SDS-PAGE revealed distinct protein bands at 55, 38, and 35 kDa for Watermelon and White melon, whereas no defined band was observed for Black melon. Nickel ions significantly enhanced enzyme activity, while Mg²⁺, Hg²⁺, EDTA, Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺, and K⁺ exhibited inhibitory effects in decreasing order. Kinetic parameters revealed V_max values of 0.000611, 0.000410, and 0.000163 U/sec for watermelon, blackmelon, and whitemelon, respectively, with corresponding K_m values of 0.0341, 0.0469, and 0.0021 mg/mL.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that urease derived from these sprouted melon varieties holds potential for immobilization and utilization in urea biosensing and other urease-based biotechnological applications.

Methods: This comparative observational study included 50 eyes from 26 patients 25 eyes (13 patients) in each group: dialysis-dependent CKD (Group A) and non-dialysis-dependent CKD (Group B). All underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation, performed by the same surgeon. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and near vision were measured preoperatively and at 4 weeks postoperatively. Statistical analyses included paired and independent t-tests, effect sizes (Cohen’s d), and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Significance threshold: p < 0.05.

Results: Both groups showed highly significant improvement in BCVA (p < 0.001 within groups). Group A improved from 0.82 ± 0.31 to 0.20 ± 0.08 logMAR (mean gain: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.51–0.73; d = 2.51), and Group B from 0.78 ± 0.29 to 0.19 ± 0.07 logMAR (mean gain: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.49–0.69; d = 2.54). UCVA gains were similar (both 0.78 logMAR; d > 3.1). No statistically significant between-group differences were found for postoperative BCVA (p = 0.628) or UCVA (p = 0.482). Minor postoperative complications occurred in 12% of eyes in both groups and resolved without sequelae.

Conclusion: Short-term visual outcomes after phacoemulsification are comparable between dialysis-dependent and non-dialysis CKD patients, with large effect sizes and minimal complications. These findings suggest that dialysis dependence should not be a barrier to timely cataract surgery when systemic status is optimized, supporting proactive surgical intervention to improve quality of life in this high-risk population.

Methods: Pyrazole derivatives were synthesized by reacting chalcones with hydrazine hydrate in an ultrasonicator. The compounds were characterized by TLC, melting point, FTIR, and ¹H NMR. ADMET studies were performed in software to evaluate drug-likeness. Docking studies were performed in PyRx software, and FMO calculations were done using ORCA software.

Results: Docking studies for antibacterial potential showed compound B5 had the strongest antibacterial binding (-8.8 kcal/mol), which is better than ciprofloxacin (-7.4 kcal/mol). For antifungal, B1 and B8 had higher affinities (-8.7 kcal/mol), compared to fluconazole (-7.5 kcal/mol). Quantum calculations revealed B5 and B9 had the lowest SCF energies, indicating greater stability, while variations in dipole moments suggested differences in polarity affecting solubility and interactions. Compounds B5 and B6 showed consistent antibacterial and antifungal activity across tested strains.

Conclusion: With the growing challenge of anti-bacterial resistance, developing effective and sustainable anti-bacterial agents is crucial. This study efficiently synthesized pyrazole derivatives via ultrasound-assisted green chemistry, showing promising anti-bacterial activity and potential for further optimization.

Methods: In order to assess adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and improve medication safety monitoring, this non-interventional study gathered data from 250 pediatric patients. The study was conducted over a period of 12 months from September 2021 to September 2022 at Anu Hospitals and Priya Children’s Hospital, Vijayawada.

Results: With a focus on frequently prescribed drugs in pediatric care, the study examined the frequency, intensity, and type of adverse drug reactions (ADRs).

Conclusion: With a focus on frequently prescribed drugs in pediatric care, the study examined the frequency, intensity, and type of adverse drug reactions (ADRs).

Methods: An experiment was conducted in the horticulture farm of the Campus of Live Sciences located at Tulsipur, Dang, Nepal at an altitude of 725 m for two consecutive years (2021 and 2022 AD) to evaluate the growth and yield performance of different open pollinated cauliflower cultivars. Five open pollinated cauliflower cultivars viz. Kathmandu Local, Khumal Jyapu, Agheni, Terai-1 and Terai-2 were treated as treatments and were replicated four times in Randomized Complete Block Design.

Results: The experiment revealed that the cauliflower cultivar Khumal Jyapu and Agheni had consistently higher plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf length, leaf breadth, fresh leaf weight, biological yield, economic yield, and harvest index.

Conclusion: Considering their economically important growth and yield attributes Khumal Jyapu and Agheni were found to be the suitable mid-season cultivars under Dang condition. Hence, Khumal Jyapu and Agheni could be promoted for cultivation in the agro climatic zones related to that of Tulsipur, Dang.

Methods: Four varieties of chickpea viz., Eshete, Dimtu, Teketay and Local were inoculated with three Rhizobium strains (Cp11, Cp17, Cp41) and one control, arranged in factorial combinations, were evaluated in a completely randomized design with four replications.

Results: The interaction of variety and Rhizobium strain had a significant effect on the percentage of normal seedlings germination, seedlings shoot length, seedlings root length and seedling vigour index I. The main factors variety and Rhizobium strain significantly influenced seedlings' dry weight and seedlings' vigour index II, and speed of germination was significantly influenced by variety. 

Conclusion: The current study concluded that the chickpea variety inoculated with Cp17 Rhizobium strain produced the highest quality seeds; thus, it is suggested to consider the variety and Rhizobium strain to produce high yield and quality seeds in the study area.

Methods: The experiment employed an alpha lattice design with two replications. Heat stress was induced by delayed sowing. Ten randomly selected plants from each genotype were assessed for six traits: plant height, spike length, spikelets per spike, spike weight, thousand grain weight, and tillers per meter square. Correlation analysis and path coefficient analysis were used to determine trait associations with grain yield.

Results: Spikelets per spike was highly positively and correlated with spike weight.  Spike weight was highly positively and significantly correlated with thousand grain weight. Besides, grain yield (YLD) showed a significant positive association with tillers per meter square. The other characters such as, spike length, plant height, spike weight, spikelets per spike and thousand grain weight are positively associated with the yield trait.

Conclusion: Breeding efforts should be encouraged for the improvement of positively associated traits with the yield trait in order to boost wheat yields under situations of heat stress.

Methods: A randomized complete block design was used for the experiment at IAAS Paklihawa Nepal consisting of nine rice genotypes taken from Hardinath, NRRP.

Results: The percent reduction in effective panicles per m², plant height, and grain yield under moisture-restricted conditions compared to irrigated conditions was 22%, 8%, and 24%, respectively. Stress tolerance indices showed that IR17L1387, IR16L1713, and IR16L1801 had the highest STI, indicating their potential for cultivation under moisture-restricted conditions. GGE biplot analyses (Which-Won-Where and Mean vs. Stability) demonstrated that Sukhadhan 3 was the most stable genotype across both environments. Additionally, IR16L1713 and IR17L1387 were identified as the winning genotypes under moisture-restricted and irrigated environments, respectively.

Conclusion: The current study concluded that the most valuable option for increasing yield would be to choose one trait effective panicle per meter square and Sukhadhan 3 was the most stable genotype under both environments.

Methods: A case-control study with 50 healthy individuals serving as the control group and 70 diabetic patients. The polymorphism 4G/5G was genotyped using ASP-PCR (allele specific PCR), and the Hardy-Weinberg rule was used to determine the allelic frequency. For the 4G allele as a risk factor of thrombosis in diabetic patients, the allelic frequencies were determined using gene counting using the SNP-STAT program, and their connection with thrombotic complications was assessed using the X2 test and the odd ratio with (confidence intervals 95% and OR ≥1).

Results: The frequency of the 4G allele was significantly associated with the risk of thrombosis in diabetic patients, one-fold higher than that of the 5G allele (P value 0.027, CI=95%, OR =1), and there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of the 4G allele among Sudanese diabetic patients compared to the control group (P value = 0.998).

Conclusion: Patients with type 2 diabetes who contain one 4G allele are at a high risk of thrombosis. Therefore, diabetic patients should be prescribed anticoagulant medications, namely type 2, for at least the short term to prevent thrombus formation, particularly cardiovascular events.

Case presentation: A 74-year-old woman presented with lower right quadrant abdominal pain, fever, and leukocytosis. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed thickening of the eco-ascending region with fat stranding. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed seropurulent fluid and an inflamed appendix, which were removed. Further exploration revealed a gangrenous mass in the distal ileum, prompting a conversion to open surgery. Segmental small bowel resection with primary enteroenteral anastomosis was performed.

Conclusion: This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of Meckel’s diverticulitis in adults and underscores the importance of thorough intraoperative inspection of the distal ileum when appendicitis is suspected. However, the findings are atypical. Early recognition and surgical management are essential to prevent severe complications.

Case presentation: We report the case of a 42-year-old woman who developed Tapia syndrome following elective breast explantation and reconstruction under general anesthesia with orotracheal intubation. The surgery proceeded uneventfully with adherence to the standard anesthetic protocols. On postoperative day 19, the patient presented with right-sided tongue deviation, dysphonia, and dysphagia. Laryngoscopic and neurological evaluations revealed right hypoglossal and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsies, consistent with Tapia syndrome, likely secondary to trauma related to intubation. Suspected mechanisms include mechanical compression of the hypoglossal nerve against the hyoid bone and the recurrent laryngeal nerve within the piriform fossa, possibly aggravated by cuff overinflation or intraoperative head repositioning. The patient received conservative management, including speech and swallowing therapy, resulting in complete resolution of symptoms within four months.

Conclusion: Tapia syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of postoperative neurological deficits involving the tongue and voice, even when intubation appears uneventful. Early recognition, multidisciplinary rehabilitation, and preventive strategies, such as careful airway management and monitoring of endotracheal cuff pressure, are essential to minimize the risk of this rare but potentially debilitating complication.

Case presentation: This study presents a surgical technique that emphasizes the complete excision of keloids while preserving the overlying skin as a fillet flap for reconstruction. Following methylene blue marking and local anesthetic infiltration, the keloid core is excised, ensuring the maintenance of cartilaginous integrity to preserve the auricular contour. The preserved skin flap is then repositioned for layered wound closure, achieving a tension-free repair. A bolster dressing is applied to prevent hematoma formation and eliminate dead space. Adjuvant therapies, including intralesional corticosteroids, 5-fluorouracil, and laser therapy, were considered as complementary modalities to further reduce the risk of recurrence.

Conclusion: The fillet flap technique offers a reliable reconstructive option following auricular keloid excision, ensuring adequate vascularity and contour preservation. This approach provides improved cosmetic outcomes and a lower recurrence rate compared to excision alone. Careful postoperative management and individualized adjuvant therapy remain essential for optimizing long-term results.