Existing research suggests that climate models with enhanced geographical resolution might improve future climate projections. Meanwhile, stochastic projections from several climate models are necessary to evaluate model uncertainty and establish risk management strategies. Water availability is predicted to increase in some parts of the world, with consequences for water efficiency and allocation. Crop yields can be boosted by extending or increasing irrigated areas, but this may hasten environmental damage. Climate change alters soil water balance, resulting in changes in soil evaporation and plant transpiration. As a result, agricultural growth cycles may shorten in the future, reducing water yield. Climate change is projected to affect crop output differently depending on latitude and irrigation. Crop yields will rise in certain areas, but fall in others. In recent decades, agricultural regions throughout the world have seen major climate change, as well as widespread increases in CO2 and ozone levels. Climate change and rising CO2 levels increase worries about food security, particularly the influence on global agricultural productivity. We explain how climate and CO2 changes impact agricultural yields, as well as present historical and prospective estimates. The study focuses on grain productivity on a worldwide scale, but other issues of food security are also included. CO2 trends in the future decades are predicted to drive a 1.8% increase in global yields each decade.
agricultural yields, climate projections, environmental damage, prospective estimates
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