Background: Ethiopia is one of the largest chickpeas producing countries in the world and ranks first in Africa. However, the yield of the crop is low as compared to the potential of the crop to produce up to 5.5 tons ha-1. The scarcity of high-quality seed and the poor fertility of the soil are major obstacles to production of chickpea. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of seed inoculation with Rhizobium strains on seed quality of chickpea varieties. Methods: Four varieties of chickpea viz., Eshete, Dimtu, Teketay and Local were inoculated with three Rhizobium strains (Cp11, Cp17, Cp41) and one control arranged in factorial combinations were evaluated in a completely randomized design with four replications. Results: The interaction of variety and Rhizobium strain had a significant effect on the percentage of normal seedlings germination, seedlings shoot length, seedlings root length and seedlings vigour index one. The main factors variety and Rhizobium strain significantly influenced seedlings dry weight and seedlings vigour index two, and speed of germination was significantly influenced by variety. Conclusion: The current study concluded that chickpea variety inoculated with Cp17 Rhizobium strain produced the highest seed quality seeds, thus, it is suggested to consider the variety and Rhizobium strain to produce high yield and quality seeds in the study area.
Background: Twenty distinct wheat genotypes were examined using the path coefficient analysis and correlation of yield-attributing and to determine their direct and indirect effects on grain yield using path coefficient analysis. The experiment was conducted in IAAS Paklihawa Campus, Bhairahawa in 2023 during the winter season in late sowing conditions. Methods: Two replications in heat stress conditions along with recommended irrigation by the National Wheat Research Program (NWRP). Ten plants were randomly taken from each genotype as a sample plant to measure the six characteristics. Correlation and path coefficient were used for twenty genotypes including three check varieties. Results: The result revealed highly significant positive and negative relationships among the genotypes for all the traits studied. The highest positive correlation of 0.366 was obtained between Tillers per meter square and yield whereas the lowest positive correlation of 0.060 was expressed between total grain weight and yield. Conclusion: Breeding efforts should encouraged for those wheat genotypes with tall lengths and higher spike weights in order to boost wheat yields under situations of heat stress.
Existing research suggests that climate models with enhanced geographical resolution might improve future climate projections. Meanwhile, stochastic projections from several climate models are necessary to evaluate model uncertainty and establish risk management strategies. Water availability is predicted to increase in some parts of the world, with consequences for water efficiency and allocation. Crop yields can be boosted by extending or increasing irrigated areas, but this may hasten environmental damage. Climate change alters soil water balance, resulting in changes in soil evaporation and plant transpiration. As a result, agricultural growth cycles may shorten in the future, reducing water yield. Climate change is projected to affect crop output differently depending on latitude and irrigation. Crop yields will rise in certain areas, but fall in others. In recent decades, agricultural regions throughout the world have seen major climate change, as well as widespread increases in CO2 and ozone levels. Climate change and rising CO2 levels increase worries about food security, particularly the influence on global agricultural productivity. We explain how climate and CO2 changes impact agricultural yields, as well as present historical and prospective estimates. The study focuses on grain productivity on a worldwide scale, but other issues of food security are also included. CO2 trends in the future decades are predicted to drive a 1.8% increase in global yields each decade.
A high-esteem dietary component, tomato feeds rural and urban populations worldwide. Many factors contribute to decreased tomato output, including fungus, bacteria, nematodes, viruses, and dominating weeds. The most important and common tomato disease is Fusarium wilt, which is brought on by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Only tomatoes are susceptible to this soil-borne Hyphomycetes disease, which causes wilt. Young plants show vein-let clearing and petiole drooping first. Fusarium wilt causes yellowing of older leaves. Lower leaves yellow and die. To infect host plants, Fusarium species generate macroconidia, microconidia, mycelia, and chlamydospores. Dormant, parasitic, and saprophytic phases comprise the life cycle. Most saprobes are harmless; however certain parasitic species produce mycotoxins on plants.
