Food security is increasingly threatened by rapid growth in population and drastic climatic changes. Among the abiotic stresses intensified by climate change, drought has started to emerge as a major constraint to crop productivity. Reduced precipitation and altered rainfall patterns have led to frequent and severe drought events across the world. Black gram, experiences yield losses of 21-40% under severe drought conditions. Drought stress restricts water availability to the roots or increases water loss through transpiration, disrupting plant growth and developmental processes. The extent of damage depends on multiple factors such as rainfall distribution, soil moisture retention capacity, and evapotranspiration rates. In black gram, drought stress adversely affects vegetative growth, nutrient uptake, water relations, and assimilate partitioning, ultimately reducing productivity. Variations in tolerance mechanisms across growth stages and genotypes reflect the complexity of physiological responses to drought, necessitating detailed understanding for breeding and management interventions.
global food security, climate change, water relations, drought tolerance, yield reduction
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