Plants face various abiotic stresses, such as heat, cold, drought, salinity, flooding, and heavy metals. These stresses negatively impact plant growth and development, which affects agricultural productivity and can lead to food security issues, ultimately causing economic losses. Incorporating nanotechnology into modern agriculture can help improve water use efficiency, prevent plant diseases, ensure food security, reduce environmental pollution, and promote sustainability. Nanoparticles can enhance stress tolerance and boost crop yield and quality by stimulating enzyme activity, increasing photosynthetic efficiency, and controlling plant pathogens. The use of nano-agrochemicals, such as nano-pesticides, nano-herbicides, and nano-fertilizers, has grown recently as a promising technology for supporting plant growth. Nanomaterials offer many benefits for sustainable crop production, including reducing nutrient loss, suppressing diseases, and increasing yields.
abiotic stress, nanoparticles, nano fertilizers, crop improvement
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