Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the staple food crops globally. Rice is critical for global nutritional security, especially in Asia. Both geogenic and anthropogenic sources, such as the use of pesticides derived from agriculture, can contaminate farming soils with heavy metals. Long-term exposure to heavy metals through food, including rice intake, can result in cancer and non-cancer health effects, with Pb, Cd, and As being particularly hazardous. The importance of silicon was mainly demonstrated in reducing the negative impacts of heavy metals and other abiotic stresses on plants. Rice has a strong affinity for silicon, and when compared to other plant species, its root system has a noticeably better capability for absorbing silicon.
heavy metal toxicity, alleviation, silicon, Oryza sativa
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