Fish are recognised as a crucial nutritional source of high-quality proteins, lipids, amino acids, minerals, and vitamins vital for human health. This review synthesises data from studies published between 2009 and 2023 on Indian freshwater fish species, highlighting significant interspecies variability in proximate and micronutrient composition. The objectives of this review are to summarise and compare proteins, lipids, amino acids, and vitamin content. Chara punctatus had the highest protein content (22.75%), and Barbodes sarana had the highest lipid content (9.5%). There were 83.8% essential amino acids in Cirrhinus mrigala, and Puntius saphore displayed the highest vitamin A (~861.38 mg/100 g) and vitamin E content (~30685.8 mg/100 g), while Sperata seenghala had the highest vitamin D (~18737.51 mg/100 g) and vitamin K content (~16670.12 mg/100 g) in the considered list of fish species. These findings indicate that regular inclusion of these species in daily diets can mitigate protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. These data provide valuable information for meal planning, promoting public health initiatives, and facilitating further research in aquaculture and nutrition. However, knowledge gaps persist in understanding nutritional bioavailability, the impacts of processing, and the standardisation of nutrient assessment. This review provides a comprehensive reference for nutrition-sensitive aquaculture, dietary planning and national food security plans in India.
freshwater fish, nutritional composition, protein, lipids, vitamins, amino acids
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