Agriculture is at a great risk on a global scale as because the areas that are most vulnerable to climate change include but are not limited to Africa, Asia and Latin America. As a result, we will witness increase in severe weather events, such as droughts, floods and heat waves which may disrupt crop production systems causing the loss of biodiversity. Consequently, it is important that plants that can survive these unfavorable conditions are found. Millets, small-seeded cereals that make up a group known for its ability to grow under unfavorable conditions including drought stress, stand out as an option revealing promise due to their unique adaptability in marginal environments. Having diverse origins and among the most ancient grains ever known, millets number about 6,000 species globally with rich nutritional composition and genetic diversity; thus they represent a practical choice toward enhancing climate resilience in agriculture through adoption at local levels worldwide. In this paper, we look at the biology of millets. We discuss their uniqueness in terms of domestication history plus their stress tolerance and climate resilience, features that set them apart from other cereal crops. Additionally, we delve into their major nutritional qualities, broad adaptability and genetic potential which all contribute to making millets a standout crop choice. Gene editing and biotechnological approaches take center stage as instrumental in hastening domestication efforts while still engineering high yielding millets that hold onto their climate resilience, a two pronged priority approach for enhanced production on one hand and preserving biodiversity on the other. In light of the changing climate patterns, it is clear that focusing on enhancing and growing millet on a large scale is essential for building resilient agriculture and securing food sources.
agriculture, climate change, genetic diversity, millets, nutrition, resilience
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