India is one of the most population countries of the world. Indian agriculture under the climate change conditions is continuously support to feed the 1.42 billion populations because of largest agri-regions (20), different climates (15) and soil types (46 out of 60) of the world. The climate change is great challenge all over the world but in these situations, India is largest producer of many agricultural commodities as milk, tea, pulses, spices, jute, cashew and second major grower of cereals as rice, wheat and oilseeds, sugarcane, cotton furthermore, second in horticultural crops like fruits and vegetables and major producer of banana and mango. But the population is increasing at fast rate so counter it, there is need the rigid transformation of Indian agriculture in the era of climate change. In this article discussed the strategies or approaches for the transformation in Indian agriculture as suggested by different experts at scientific basis.
Cold plasma (CP) is an advanced, non-thermal plasma processing technology with significant potential for preserving fruits and fruit juices. Recent research shows that CP processing has attracted attention in fruit processing and storage. The inactivation of microorganisms and extended shelf life of fruits by CP treatment is influenced by several factors, including the type of plasma reactor, discharge power, treatment time, and the inert gas used. This review highlights how CP can effectively extend the shelf life of fruits, eliminate harmful bacteria and maintain the nutrients, flavour, and colour of the fruits and fruit juices. Unlike conventional high-temperature treatments, CP uses low temperatures to keep fruits fresh and safe without causing damage to quality. Additionally, the study describes various plasma systems, their principles of operation, and their applications in the fruit processing industry. Overall, non-thermal plasma demonstrates significant potential in ensuring the safety and freshness of fruits and fruit juices while meeting consumer demands for high-quality products.
The Giant African Land Snail (GALS), which belongs to the Achatinidae family, comprises of over 200 species, of which the three commonest are Achatina fulica (recently renamed as Lissaachatina fulica), Achatina achatina and Archachatina marginata. A. fulica originated from East African coast, while A. achatina and A. marginata originated from the West African coast. About 200 years ago, A. fulica was introduced into other countries in the tropics and neotropics, where it appears to have evolved into a pest. The outcome of control efforts in those countries has been uncertain. Whereas in West Africa, the population of the snail has reduced significantly in the wild and unable to meet domestic demand. Hence, scientists in Africa are focusing their research on breeding the snail, while their counterparts outside the continent are focusing on developing more control measures. This study reviewed the reproductive cycle of the snail and highlighted areas that could be explored for either the control or breeding. We found out that environmental conditions particularly temperature and humidity play a key role in the reproductive cycle of the snail especially during copulation, egg laying, incubation and hatching, and growth of juveniles to maturity, which could be modulated for either control or breeding of the snail.
Since soil is a non-renewable resource, it is necessary to conserve the soil quality and health. The increased activities on urbanization, industrialization and intensive agricultural practices are the main factors polluting the soil with a wide range of harmful pollutants. Remediation of soil and maintaining soil health are the prerequisites to ensure food security. This review discusses green technology approaches, their cleaning mechanism and strategies in green technologies since green technologies are advantageous when compared with other conventional technologies.
Short-term exposure to air pollution has become a growing public health concern due to its potential impact on cognitive performance. This review article explores recent findings on how exposure to common air pollutants such as PM2.5, NOx, and O3 affects cognitive function in both children and adults. The review synthesizes evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies, discusses plausible biological mechanisms, and highlights critical research gaps. A better understanding of this association is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate cognitive impairments due to environmental pollution. The review was conducted using a non-systematic narrative approach. Literature searches were performed across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies published in English. Relevant empirical and review studies were selected based on their focus on short-term air pollution exposure and cognitive outcomes.
