Background: Ethiopia is one of the largest chickpea producing countries in the world and ranks first in Africa. However, the yield of the crop is low as compared to the potential of the crop to produce up to 5.5 tons ha-1. The scarcity of high-quality seeds and the poor fertility of the soil are major obstacles to the production of chickpea. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of seed inoculation with Rhizobium strains on the seed quality of chickpea varieties.
Methods: Four varieties of chickpea viz., Eshete, Dimtu, Teketay and Local were inoculated with three Rhizobium strains (Cp11, Cp17, Cp41) and one control, arranged in factorial combinations, were evaluated in a completely randomized design with four replications.
Results: The interaction of variety and Rhizobium strain had a significant effect on the percentage of normal seedlings germination, seedlings shoot length, seedlings root length and seedling vigour index I. The main factors variety and Rhizobium strain significantly influenced seedlings' dry weight and seedlings' vigour index II, and speed of germination was significantly influenced by variety.
Conclusion: The current study concluded that the chickpea variety inoculated with Cp17 Rhizobium strain produced the highest quality seeds; thus, it is suggested to consider the variety and Rhizobium strain to produce high yield and quality seeds in the study area.
Background: Twenty distinct wheat genotypes, including three check varieties, were evaluated under late-sown heat stress conditions using correlation and path coefficient analysis to assess the direct and indirect effects of yield-attributing traits on grain yield. The study was conducted during the winter season of 2023 at IAAS Paklihawa Campus, Bhairahawa, Nepal.
Methods: The experiment employed an alpha lattice design with two replications. Heat stress was induced by delayed sowing. Ten randomly selected plants from each genotype were assessed for six traits: plant height, spike length, spikelets per spike, spike weight, thousand grain weight, and tillers per meter square. Correlation analysis and path coefficient analysis were used to determine trait associations with grain yield.
Results: Spikelets per spike was highly positively and correlated with spike weight. Spike weight was highly positively and significantly correlated with thousand grain weight. Besides, grain yield (YLD) showed a significant positive association with tillers per meter square. The other characters such as, spike length, plant height, spike weight, spikelets per spike and thousand grain weight are positively associated with the yield trait.
Conclusion: Breeding efforts should be encouraged for the improvement of positively associated traits with the yield trait in order to boost wheat yields under situations of heat stress.
Existing research suggests that climate models with enhanced geographical resolution might improve future climate projections. Meanwhile, stochastic projections from several climate models are necessary to evaluate model uncertainty and establish risk management strategies. Water availability is predicted to increase in some parts of the world, with consequences for water efficiency and allocation. Crop yields can be boosted by extending or increasing irrigated areas, but this may hasten environmental damage. Climate change alters soil water balance, resulting in changes in soil evaporation and plant transpiration. As a result, agricultural growth cycles may shorten in the future, reducing water yield. Climate change is projected to affect crop output differently depending on latitude and irrigation. Crop yields will rise in certain areas, but fall in others. In recent decades, agricultural regions throughout the world have seen major climate change, as well as widespread increases in CO2 and ozone levels. Climate change and rising CO2 levels increase worries about food security, particularly the influence on global agricultural productivity. We explain how climate and CO2 changes impact agricultural yields, as well as present historical and prospective estimates. The study focuses on grain productivity on a worldwide scale, but other issues of food security are also included. CO2 trends in the future decades are predicted to drive a 1.8% increase in global yields each decade.
A high-esteem dietary component, tomato feeds rural and urban populations worldwide. Many factors contribute to decreased tomato output, including fungus, bacteria, nematodes, viruses, and dominating weeds. The most important and common tomato disease is Fusarium wilt, which is brought on by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Only tomatoes are susceptible to this soil-borne Hyphomycetes disease, which causes wilt. Young plants show vein-let clearing and petiole drooping first. Fusarium wilt causes yellowing of older leaves. Lower leaves yellow and die. To infect host plants, Fusarium species generate macroconidia, microconidia, mycelia, and chlamydospores. Dormant, parasitic, and saprophytic phases comprise the life cycle. Most saprobes are harmless; however certain parasitic species produce mycotoxins on plants.
