Background: Rice is one of the most significant cereal crops in Nepal in terms of area of cultivation, production, and productivity. One major limiting factor for the production of rice is scarcity of moisture at critical stages. The study aims to understand the relationship of yield and yield-attributing traits, adaptability, and stability of elite rice genotypes under irrigated and moisture restricted environments.
Methods: A randomized complete block design was used for the experiment at IAAS Paklihawa Nepal consisting of nine rice genotypes taken from Hardinath, NRRP.
Results: The percent reduction in effective panicles per m², plant height, and grain yield under moisture-restricted conditions compared to irrigated conditions was 22%, 8%, and 24%, respectively. Stress tolerance indices showed that IR17L1387, IR16L1713, and IR16L1801 had the highest STI, indicating their potential for cultivation under moisture-restricted conditions. GGE biplot analyses (Which-Won-Where and Mean vs. Stability) demonstrated that Sukhadhan 3 was the most stable genotype across both environments. Additionally, IR16L1713 and IR17L1387 were identified as the winning genotypes under moisture-restricted and irrigated environments, respectively.
Conclusion: The current study concluded that the most valuable option for increasing yield would be to choose one trait effective panicle per meter square and Sukhadhan 3 was the most stable genotype under both environments.
Establishing sustainable food systems along with solving worldwide nutrition problems represents vital steps toward a secure future. The worldwide population of three billion people experiences malnutrition while eating low-quality food. Substandard diets stand as the number one reason for worldwide health problems which generate both non-communicable diseases and childhood stunting and micronutrient deficiencies, while causing twenty percent of total health issues. The solution involves both reducing harmful dietary behaviors and enhancing medical facility availability. Sustainable food systems protect natural biodiversity while delivering nutritional safety and resolving environmental problems in local areas. The transformation of the food system into sustainable, healthful diets requires efforts that surpass what individual consumers can do. To accomplish this goal, it requires tackling sociocultural and economic factors while implementing international agreements on healthy diet standards and sustainable food production systems as well as creating production incentives for sustainable practices.
Agricultural sustainability is increasingly important in the modern era, as conventional agriculture will not be able to meet our future needs. In the area of agriculture, chemical fertilizers used in the control of pests, weeds and pathogens and for raising crop yields disrupt and damage the ecosystem. A viable alternative to conventional agriculture is the use of soil microorganisms that could promote plant growth and development. Plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) reside in the rhizosphere and use a variety of mechanisms to contribute to plant growth. They can serve as biofertilizers (improves nutrition content), biostimulants (produces phytohormones), and biocontrol agents (provides against diseases). The use of PGPR provides promise of reducing food insecurity, keeping our environment clean, and mitigating public health risk, so there is a compelling reason to globally adopt biological agents. The objective of this review is to promote the use of PGPR, in the form of bio-inoculum, in our research and explore the formulation design of PGPR in sustainable agricultural practices.
The global imperative of sustaining food production to meet the needs of a growing population requires innovative agricultural approaches that enhance crop productivity while mitigating environmental impacts. This summary delves into the concept of integrated nutrient management (INM) as a comprehensive strategy for maintaining maize productivity while concurrently minimizing environmental footprints. INM entails a careful blend of organic and inorganic fertilizers, cover cropping, and other agronomic techniques to optimize nutrient availability and utilization in maize cultivation. The review examines existing literature and research outcomes on the effects of INM, with a specific focus on its capacity to improve nutrient use efficiency, decrease nutrient runoff, and counteract soil degradation. Through the incorporation of organic nutrient sources like crop residues and green manure with precisely calibrated inorganic fertilizers, INM seeks to enhance soil health, nutrient cycling, and overall agricultural sustainability. The abstract also explores cover cropping as a complementary INM strategy, contributing to soil conservation, weed control, and increased biodiversity. Addressing environmental concerns such as nutrient runoff and greenhouse gas emissions from fertilizer use is crucial in contemporary agriculture. This abstract underscore the potential of INM to tackle these challenges by promoting a balanced nutrient supply, reducing nutrient losses to water bodies, and mitigating the environmental impact associated with excessive fertilizer application. Through a thorough examination of existing literature, the abstract underscores the necessity for further research and the adoption of INM practices to ensure sustained maize productivity while safeguarding the environment. The integration of nutrient management strategies not only boosts crop yields but also aligns with goals of sustainable agriculture, emphasizing the importance of adopting practices that balance economic viability with environmental stewardship for global food security.
Maize (Zea mays L.), a fundamental global staple, faces increasing threats to productivity due to two major abiotic stresses: drought and salt stress. This review synthesizes current research on the stresses on maize, elucidates the underlying resistance mechanisms, and explores management strategies to enhance stress resilience. The review first delineates the damaging effects of drought and salt stress on the growth of maize, development, and its yield. By consolidating information from diverse research areas, this review offers a comprehensive overview of drought and salt stress resistance in maize. The insights provided are valuable for researchers, breeders, and policymakers working towards sustainable maize production in the face of increasing environmental challenges. A holistic understanding of the intricate interplay between drought, salt stress, resistance mechanisms, and effective management strategies is essential for developing resilient maize varieties and ensuring global food security in a changing climate.
When it comes to solving the interconnected problems of global nutrition and food security, horticulture is essential. Horticulture provides sustainable ways to increase food production while encouraging a varied and nutrient-rich diet in light of the world's expanding population and mounting demand on agricultural resources. Horticulture improves dietary diversity and fights malnutrition by increasing the availability of nutrient-dense food through the production of fruits, vegetables, herbs, and decorative plants. Horticulture's adaptation to many climatic circumstances is one of its main advantages. Horticultural approaches, which range from big commercial farms to little backyard gardens, may be customized to fit local conditions, enabling communities to grow their own food and lowering their need on imported items. In addition to improving food security, this decentralization of food production increases resilience against outside shocks like market volatility and climate change. Horticulture provides a wide variety of nutrient-dense crops that are necessary for a balanced diet, which helps to solve the problems associated with global nutrition. Antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals found in abundance in fruits and vegetables are essential for avoiding chronic illnesses and micronutrient shortages. Furthermore, horticulture commodities may be turned into value-added goods like jams, juices, and dried fruits, which will increase their year-round accessibility and shelf life.
