Journal of Ethnopharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 3, Issue 2 : 1-9 . Doi : 10.37446/jet/rsa/3.2.2025.1-9

Research Article

OPEN ACCESS | Published on : 31-Dec-2025

Phytochemical composition and antimicrobial potential of ethyl acetate extract of Morinda citrifolia L. seeds

Mansurat Shoge
• Department of Chemistry, Air Force Institute of Technology, PMB 2104, Kaduna Nigeria.


• Oluwagbenga John Ogunbiyi
• Biology Unit, Air Force Institute of Technology, PMB 2104, Kaduna Nigeria.

Khalifa Musa Muhammad
• Department of Chemistry, Air Force Institute of Technology, PMB 2104, Kaduna Nigeria.

Abstract

Morinda citrifolia (commonly known as noni) is widely recognised for its diverse pharmacological properties. Several researchers have focused on the use of its root, leaf and fruit. This study aims to evaluate the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the ethyl acetate extract of M. citrifolia seeds. The ground seeds were extracted using ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extract underwent phytochemical screening and it was tested for antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and fungal strains (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids and steroids, while alkaloids were absent. The antimicrobial assay showed limited activity, with mild inhibition against Salmonella spp. at higher concentrations (9 mm inhibition zone at 20 mg/mL). Compared to standard antibiotics, the extract exhibited weak antimicrobial effects. Although M. citrifolia seed extract contains bioactive constituents which could be explored for pharmacological purpose, its antimicrobial activity is relatively weak. Further studies are warranted to isolate, characterize and enhance the therapeutic potential of its active compounds.

Keywords

Morinda citrifolia, noni seed, phytochemicals, antimicrobial activity, medicinal plants

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